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MIT Scientists Redesign the Fundamental Theory of How Lithium Batteries Work
Release Time:
2025-12-23
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have proposed a new theoretical model that challenges long-held assumptions about the basic reaction inside all lithium-ion batteries. Published in Science, their work provides a unified framework for designing next-generation batteries with significantly faster charging, longer life, and higher energy density. The core discovery is that the rate-limiting step in charging (lithium intercalation) is not just the movement of lithium ions, but a coupled process where electrons must simultaneously transfer to the electrode material. This "coupled ion-electron transfer" theory explains why past experimental data showed vast inconsistencies and offers a clear formula for optimization. By guiding how to tweak electrolyte properties, this model allows scientists to design better batteries through calculation rather than time-consuming trial and error, potentially accelerating the development of advanced battery materials.
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